During a significant vote this week, MEPs decided 355 to 247 to reserve product terms including "burger" and "schnitzel" exclusively for animal-derived foods.
If the measure is implemented, popular vegetarian items such as veggie burgers, tofu steak, and cauliflower schnitzel could have to change their names throughout EU countries.
However, for the ban to be enforced, it must receive support from most of the 27 EU member states, something that remains uncertain.
Supporters contend that customers need clear labeling and while meat terms should only describe items derived from animals.
"An escalope or a sausage represent products from our livestock: not from laboratory art or vegetable sources," said French MEP the proposal's author.
Critics, including Green MEPs, called the move political tactics.
"Veggie burgers, wheat schnitzel and soy sausage don't mislead shoppers, just rightwing politicians," said Austrian lawmaker Thomas Waitz.
This isn't the first effort to control such names. The European parliament voted down a similar ban in four years ago.
France previously enacted a national ban on meat terms for plant-based foods in 2020, but EU courts determined it invalid under EU law in this year.
Major Germany's retailers such as Aldi and Lidl oppose the measure, warning that altering established terms would confuse shoppers.
Consumer groups point to surveys indicating that most shoppers understand these names as long as items are properly marked as vegan.
"Almost seventy percent of shoppers understand the terminology provided products are explicitly labelled vegan or vegetarian," noted Irina Popescu, a food policy officer at BEUC.
The proposal next requires review by EU member states, and it must secure majority approval to become law.
Considering the mixed views among both politicians and the public, the outcome of the proposal is still uncertain.
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